Difference between dbt run, dbt full refresh & dbt test

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1

Hello everyone, I have almost zero exposure to dbt. I have gone through the documentation of it but got even confused. Can someone please explain in layman’s terms

  1. what happens when I run “dbt run -m” command.
  2. what happens when I run “dbt run --full-refresh -m” command.
  3. what is the best way to bring the latest data amongst the 2 mentioned above.
  4. why do add “+”. and what is upstream?
  5. why is “-m” used in dbt?
  6. what does “dbt test -m” query do?

I know my questions are very trivial but please let me know why do we use them?

Thank you.

2

All these question are answered very clearly in the fundamentals course, would be a great place to start.